What are Ceramides?
Ceramides are naturally occurring lipids found in high concentrations in the skin's outermost layer (the stratum corneum). These lipids are essential to skin barrier function and proper moisture balance.
Combined with free fatty acids and cholesterol, ceramides fill spaces between skin cells to form a protective barrier that locks in moisture. This barrier is critical to overall skin health. A weakened skin barrier can lead to dryness and sensitivity and make the skin more vulnerable to environmental stressors, from allergens to harsh weather.
While there are 12 types of ceramides, some are more common in skincare than others. The most common ceramides in skincare products include:
Ceramide 1 (EOS)
Ceramide 2 (NS)
Ceramide 3 (NP)
Ceramide 6-II (AP)
Ceramide 9 (EOP)
Among these types, Cleveland Clinic explains you're most likely to see ceramides 1, 2 or 6-II on your skincare labels.
As you get older, your skin's ceramide levels naturally decrease, which can lead to dryness, wrinkles and loss of elasticity. Restoring your skin's natural ceramide content with ceramide-rich skincare can improve skin hydration and visibly reduce the look of wrinkles and uneven skin texture.
What are the uses of Ceramides?
Ceramides' photoprotective and moisture-replenishing benefits make them key in anti-aging skincare formulas. One study showed that a single application of a ceramide-rich moisturizer increased skin hydration, reduced transepidermal water loss and improved skin pH for up to 24 hours. These effects were even more significant after 28 days, showing a significant decrease in wrinkles and uneven texture.
Ceramides are added to haircare products like shampoos and conditioners, too. Naturally found in your hair cuticles — the outermost layer that protects the hair shaft — ceramide hair products help protect your scalp and hair from damage and repair damaged hair fibers.
Where do Ceramides come from?
Natural ceramides comprise approximately 50% of the lipids in your skin's outermost layer. Think of them as the glue, or biochemical seal, that holds your skin cells together. This creates a bond that prevents water loss and protects against outside elements to keep your skin plump and healthy.
You can find natural and synthetic ceramides in skincare. Natural ceramides are found in human skin, animal skin and certain plant sources, including wheat germ, rice bran and konjac (a root vegetable). Both natural and synthetic ceramides offer skin benefits. One study found that rice-derived ceramides reduced water loss by 23% and increased skin moisture by 141% when used topically for three weeks.
While plants and animals are good sources of ceramides, synthetic ceramides are easier and less expensive to make. Cleveland Clinic also explains that synthetic ceramides are more stable. So, most of the ceramides you'll find in skincare products are created through chemical reactions resembling natural synthesis.
How to incorporate Ceramides into your skincare routine
If you want to boost skin hydration, prevent water loss, smooth the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, or minimize inflammation, ceramides just might be your new best friend. The best part? They're generally compatible with all skin types and safe for skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis. You can find ceramides in cleansers, lotions and creams, so using them in your routine is easy. To maximize ceramide benefits, add skincare products containing ceramides to your morning and nighttime routines.
Remember: Anytime you add a new product to your skincare regimen, start with a patch test — especially if you have skin allergies or sensitive skin.
Use a Ceramide-rich moisturizer
To incorporate ceramides into your skincare routine, start with a gentle cleanser to remove impurities and help your skin absorb the rest of your skincare lineup. After applying any toners or serums, end your regimen on a high note with a ceramide-containing moisturizer like Neutrogena® Hydro Boost Water Cream to replenish water content and lock in hydration. In the morning, follow with broad-spectrum sunscreen to further protect your skin barrier.
Pair with other nourishing ingredients
Ceramides are generally compatible with other skincare heroes. Combine them with your favorite nourishing ingredients, like hyaluronic acid and glycerin, to support enhanced moisturization and barrier repair.
